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Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.

研究人员说他们已经翻译出手势的含义,野生黑猩猩(黑猩猩)用这些手势来沟通。

They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.

他们说，野生黑猩猩用66种手势的“词汇”，来相互交流19种特定的信息。

The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.

科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，并研究了5000多起有意义的交流事件，发现了这一点。

Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.

领导这项研究的凯瑟琳·霍拜特博士说，这是动物王国中唯一有记录的有意图的交流方式。

Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.

她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一种沟通系统，它们会故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。

“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said.

“这就是黑猩猩手势的神奇之处，”她说。

“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ”

“在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。”

Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.

尽管之前的研究表明，猿类和猴子可以从其他动物的叫声中理解复杂的信息，但这些动物似乎并没有故意使用它们的声音来交流信息。

This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.

霍拜特博士说，这是呼叫和手势之间的显著差异。

Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.

黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要交流的动物的注意。

In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:” Climb on me. “

在一个案例中，一位母亲将脚伸给哭闹的婴儿，示意:“爬到我身上来。”

The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together.

小企鹅立刻跳上妈妈的背上，一起出发了。

“The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there.

“从这项研究得出一个重要消息是另一个物种(物种)在那里。

that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.

这在它的交流中是有意义的，所以这不是人类独有的，”霍拜特博士说。

Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.

曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，因为它试图丰富我们关于人类语言进化的知识。

But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.

但她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。

“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said.

她说:“手势含义的模糊性，要么表明黑猩猩几乎没有什么可以交流的，要么表明我们仍然对它们的手势和行动中包含的很多信息一无所知。”

“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication.

此外，这些意义似乎并没有超出其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的意义。

So, it seems the gulf remains. “

所以，鸿沟似乎依然存在。”

7.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?

根据霍拜特博士的观点，黑猩猩和人类有什么共同之处?

A. Memorizing specific words.

记住特定的单词。

B. Understanding complex information.

理解复杂信息。

C. Using voices to communicate.

用声音交流。

D. Communicating messages on purpose.

有目的地传递信息。

8.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?

舒尔茨博士对这项研究有何看法?

A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.

它设计得很好，但执行得很差。

B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.

这是一个很好的尝试，但发现是有限的。

C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.

它是鼓舞人心的，但证据是不可靠的。

D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.

这是一个失败，但方法值得表扬。

9.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?

最后一段中划了线的单词“gulf”是什么意思?

A. Difference.

区别

B. Conflict.

冲突

C. Balance.

平衡

D. Connection.

连接

10.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题?

A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough

黑猩猩行为研究取得了突破

B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills

黑猩猩发展了特定的沟通技巧

C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom

黑猩猩:动物王国中最聪明的物种

D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated

黑猩猩的语言:交际手势翻译

【答案】7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息)”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”)”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。

【10题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.(研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。